Abutilon Indoors, grow in a soil-based potting mix in bright light. During the growing season, water freely and apply a soluable fertilizer every 2 weeks. Water sparingly in winter. Outdoors, grow in moderately fertile, well-drained soil in sun or part shade. A. megapotamicum should be pruned heavily to keep compact, or trained against a wall.

Acacia . Indoors, grow in a soil-based potting mix in full light, fertilize monthly, water moderately in summer, sparingly in winter. Outdoors, grow in moderately fertile, neutral to acidic soil in a sheltered spot in full sun.

Acaena Grow in moderately fertile, well-drained soil in sun or part shade. Moderate to low water.

Acca Outdoors in USDA zones 8-10, grow in light, well-drained soil in full sun and a sheltered location. In a greenhouse, grow in soil-based potting mix in bright light. Apply a balanced fertilizer monthly.

Acer palmatum Grow in fertile, moist but well-drained soil in full sun or part shade. Green-leaved types take sun best, lacleafs, especially red ones, and variegated types need shade from afternoon sun. All will grow well in dappled shade, but fall color is best in morning sun. Soil should be kept evenly moist to prevent sunburn, and trees should be watered at the base, not on the leaves, if sunburn is a problem.

Agonis Likes moderately fertile, moist but well-drained, neutral to acidic soil, and full sun. Will take some shade
and drought when established. Indoors, give acid soil and
good ventilation.

Aichryson Indoors, give bright indirect light and moderate
water throughout the year. Outdoors, grow in poor to
moderately fertile soil in full sun.

Albizia Grow in poor to moderately fertile, well-drained soil in full sun.

Allium Grow in fertile, moderately well-drained soil, in full sun. Keep dry when dormant.

Alocasia Outdoors, grow in moderately fertile, moist but well-drained, humusy soil in part shade. Indoors, grow in a coarse soil-based mix, in filtered light, fertilize once or twice a month, and water moderately in winter.

Alocasuarina Outdoors, grow in fertile, moist but well-drained soil in full sun. Indoors, grow in soil-based mix with sand or grit. Give moderate water in summer, light in winter, brigh light, and a balanced fertilizer monthly.

Alpinia Outdoors in zone 10, grow in moist, fertile, humusy soil in part shade. As a houseplant or in the greenhouse, give bright filtered light and a coarse, loose soil-based mix with added composted bark and leaf mold if available, up to 25% of the mix. Water well during the growing season and apply a balanced fertilizer monthly. Reduce water and eliminate fertilizer in winter.

Alyogyne Under glass, grow in full light and pot on or top dress in spring. Water moderately in growing season, applying a balanced liquied fertilizer every 2-3 weeks. Outdoors, grow in any well-drained soil in full sun.

Amorphophallus Plant tubers 4" deep. Under glass, grow in 2-3' wide containers in filtered light. In the growing season, water freely and apply a balanced fertilizer monthly. Decrease watering as foliage dies down in fall. Overwinter tubers in a warm, barely moist condition. Out doors, grow in humus-rich soil in part to full shade.

Ampelopsis Grow in any moist, well-drained, moderately fertile soil in sun or part shade. Fruiting may be better in sun, or where roots are restricted.

Anigozanthos Under glass, grow in 3 parts leaf mold and one part each sharp sand and loam, in full light. Water freely in spring & summer, applying a balanced liquid fertilizer monthly. Keep almost dry in winter. Outdoors, grow in moist but well-drained, humus-rich sandy loam in full sun.

Anisodontea Under glass, grow in soil-based potting mix in full light. Pot on or top dress in late winter. In growing season, apply a balanced liquid fertilizer monthly. In winter, water sparingly. Outdoors, grow in moderately fertile, well-drained soil in full sun.

Anomatheca Plant corms 2" deep. Under glass, grow in sandy, soil-based potting mix in full light. In the growing season, water moderately and apply a balanced liquid fertilizer monthly; keep completely dry when dormant. Outdoors, grow in sandy, moderately fertile soil in full sun.

Antennaria. Grow in any moderately fertle, well-drained soil in full sun or part shade. A rockery plant requiring only moderate water.

Aplectrum Grow in most but well-drained, humus-rich soil in deep to light shade (woodland conditions). Do not fertilize or treat with fungicides, as these may interfere with microrhizal symbionts.

Aptenia Under glass, grow in cactus potting mix with added sharp sand, in ful light. Water moderately in growing season, especially when flowering. Keep dry in winter. Outdoors, grow in any gritty, sharply drained soil in part shade. Protect from winter moisture.

Aquilegia Grow in fertile, preferably moist but well-drained soil in full sun or part shade.

Arabis. Grow in any well-drained soil in full sun. Will tolerate hot, dry conditions and poor soil, but variegated kinds are best in part shade.

Arisaema Plant rhizomes 2-10" deep in moist but well-drained, neutral to acidic, humus-rich soil in a cool, partially shaded site.

Arisarum Plant tubers 3" deep in humus-rich, moist soil in part shade.

Aristolochia Outdoors, grow in fertile, well-drained soil in sun or part shade. Overwinters best in dry soil. Indoors, grow in a soil-less potting mix in bright filtered light. Water freely and fertilize monthly during the growing season, low water and no fertilizer when dormant.

Artemisia Requires well-drained fertile soil and full sun.Keep moderately dry.

Arthropodium Grow in fertile, well-drained, gritty soil in full sun; grow at the base of a warm, sunny wall where unreliably hardy.

Arum Plant tubers 4-6" deep in a well-drained, humus-rich soil in a sheltered site in sun or part shade.

Asarum Grow in partial to full shade in moderately fertile, humus-rich moist but well-drained soil.

Asimina. Grow in moist but well-drained, fertile, humus-rich, neutral to acidic soil, in full sun. Best transplanted when small, then left in place.

Asparagus Outdoors in USDA zones 9-10, grow in fertile, moist but well-drained soil in a sheltered, partially shaded site. Indoors, Indoors, grow in a soil-based medium, water well in the growing season, less in winter, and fertilize monthly.

Aspidistra Indoors, grow in a soil-based potting mix in bright filtered light. Water moderately in growing season, sparingly in winter. Once established, apply a balance liquid fertilizer monthly. Feed variegated types less.

Azolla Don't worry. This one needs no cultural instructions. Just be sure you like it before you put it in the water.

Babiana Outdoors in USDA zones 8-10, plant deeply in light, rich, well-drained soil in full sun. They tolerate dry conditions, but should be watered freely when planted, which is best done in fall. Indoors as a forcing bulb, grow in a soil-based potting mix in bright light. Water well and apply a mild fertilizer every 3 weeks until flowering. After flowering, allow leaves to die back and water very sparingly or not at all for 8 weeks, then keep just moist until regrowth begins.

Banksia Under glass, grow in equal parts soil-based potting mix, grit, and peat, in full light and with good ventilation. In the growing season, water moderately and apply a half-strength, phosphate-free liquid fertilizer monthly. Water sparingly in winter. Pot on or top-dress in spring. Outdoors, grow in well-drained, neutral to acidic soil that is low in phosphates and nitrates, in full sun. Phosphates are toxic to Banksias. B. littoralis, B. paludosa, and B. occidentalis will take wetter soils that the others. Apply a thick, freely draining mulch at the base of the plant in Zone 8 during winter.

Bauhinia Grow in fertile, moist, well-drained soil in full sun. If indoors, grow in soil-based potting soil and fertilize monthly when in growth. Water freely in drought, but sparingly in winter.

Begonia Under glass, grow in bright indirect light, with moderate water & fertilizer, in slightly acidic, peat-based mix. Keep pinched back for compactness. Outdoors where hardy, grow in bright shade, in well-drained, humus-rich, neutral to slightly acidic soil.

Bletilla Grow in moist, well-drained, humus-rich soil with partial shade in summer. Easy.

Brachychiton Under glass, grow in soil-based potting mix with additional sharp sand, in full light. When in growth, water moderately and apply a balanced liquid fertilizer monthly. Water sparingly in winter. Outdoors, grow in free-draining, fertile soil in full sun.

Brugmansia Under glass, grow in soil-based potting mix in full light. From spring to autumn, water feely and apply a balanced liquid fertilizer every 3-4 weeks. Keep just moist in witner. Outdoors, grow in fertile, moist but well-drained soil in full sun.

Buckinghamia Grow in partial shade and fertile, well-drained soil with ample water. Also does well as a container plant.

Callisia Grow in 2 parts soil-based potting mix to 1 part coarse grit, in bright filtered or indirect light. In the growins season, water moderately and apply a balanced liquid fertilizer monthly. Water sparingly in winter. Pot on only when very rootbound.

Callistemon Moderately fertile, neutral to acidic soil in full sun. Moist, but well-drained. Tolerates hard pruning.

Carex Grow in fertile, moist soil in full son or part shade. Most can take soggy soils. Keep deciduous species dryish in winter.

Cautleya Grow in moist, humusy soil in part shade. Plant deeply and give ample water. Mulch during winter in zone 8.

Cercis Grow in fertile, deep, moist but well-drained, preferably loam soil in full sun or part shade. Older trees resent transplanting. For large leaves, pollard well-established trees in early spring.

Cestrum Under glass, grow in soil-based potting mix in full light, with shade from hot sun and good ventilation. In the growing season, water moderately and apply a balanced liquid fertilizer monthly. Water sparingly in winter. Outdoors, grow in fertiloe, well-drained soil in sun or part shade.

Chamycereus Grow in cactus mix in full light. Water moderately in growing season, very sparingly in winter.

Chasmanthe Grow in fertile, moist but well-drained soil in sun or partial shade. Cut back in late winter, before new growth begins.

Chimonanthus Grow in any fertile, well-drained soil in full sun. Prune after flowering.

Cinnamomum Grow in full sun to part shade. Soil tolerances include sand; loam; clay; acidic; slightly alkaline; well-drained. Low water requirements when established.

Citrus Indoors, grow in soil-based potting mix in full light, but shaded from hot sun. During growing season, water freely, mist daily, and apply a balanced liquid fertilizer every 2-3 weeks. Water sparingly in winter. Pot on or top-dress in late winter. Outdoors where hardy, grow in moist but well-drained, neutral to acid soil in full sun.

Clematis Grow in fertile, humus-rich, well-drained soil in sun or part shade, with the roots and base of the plant in shade. Mulch in late winter with compost or well-rotted manure, avoiding the crown. Plant with top of root ball about 3" below soil surface. Provide support.

Coddia Indoors, grow in peat-based potting mix in bright filtered light. Water freely during the growins season, but sparingly in winter. Fertilize once a month when in growth, with a balanced fertilizer. Outdoors in zone 10, grow in neutral to acid, fertile, moist but well-drained soil in light shade.

Coffea Prefers bright light and 70-80F temperatures.
Allow top of soil to dry before watering. Light, well-drained, fertile soil.

Coix Grow in light, fertile, moist but well drained soil in full sun. Water freely when in growth. If seeds are saved, it can be grown as an annual in cool climates.Plant when all danger of frost is past.

Colocasia Grow in soilless potting mix in bright filtered light and high humidity. In the growing season, water freely, applying a balanced liquid fertilizer monthly. Outdoors, grow in wet, fertile, humus-rich soil in part shade. Keep tubers dry and frost free when dormant.

Correa Under glass, grow in acidic potting mix in full light, with shade from hot sun and with good ventilation. In the growing season, water moderately and apply a balanced liquid fertilizer monthly. Water sparingly in winter. Top-dress or pot on in spring. Outdoorw where hardy, , grow in fertile, moist but well-drained, neutral to acidic soil in full sun.

Cortaderia Grow in fertile, well-drained soil in full sun. Water freely when in growth. Mulch crowns of young plants in winter.

Cotoneaster Grow in moderately fertile, well-drained soil. Most will tolerate dry conditions. Deciduous species like full sun; evergreens will take sun or part shade. Dwarf evergreens fruit more in full sun.

Cotula Grow in moist, humus-rich, moderately fertile soil in full sun. Most will tolerate some dryness. Deadhead to prolong flowering.

Crassula Under glass, grow in standard cactus potting mix in full light. In the growing season, apply a balanced liquid fertilizer monthly and water moderately. Water sparingly in winter.

Crinum Plant with neck of bulb just above soil level. Under glass, grow in soil-based potting mix with additional sharp sand and well-rotted manure, in bright filtered or full light. Water freely in the growing season, continue to keep moist after flowering. Pot on only when absolutely necessary, in spring. Outdoors, grow in deep, fertile, humus-rich, moist but well-drained soil in full sun.

Crocosmia Plant 3-4" deep in moderately fertile, humus-rich, moist but well-drained soil in sun or partial shade. Where not reliably hardy, plant near a wall and mulch in winter. Lift and divide congested cluimps in spring.

Cuphea Indoors, grow in soil-based potting mix in full to low light with protections from hot sun and moderate humidity. In the growing season, water moderately and provide a balanced liquid fertiizer every 3-4 weeks. Water sparingly in winter. Outdoors, grow in moderately fertile, moist but well-drained soil in sun to part shade.

Curculigo Indoors, grow in a soil-based potting mix, water freely in the growing season, and apply a balanced liquid fertilizer monthly. Low to bright filtered or indirect light.

Cussonia Outdoors in zone 10, grow in light, well-drained, fertile soil in full sun. Indoors, grow in a peat-based potting soil in bright light, fertilizing once a month. Water moderately when in growth, sparsely in winter. May defoliate in temperatures below 50F, but resumes growth in spring.

Cymbalaria Grow in moderately fertile, moist but well-drained soil, preferably in part shade, but will tolerate sun.

Cypella Plant 3" deep. Under glass, grow in 2 parts soil-based potting mix to 1 part grit, in bright filtered light, and with good ventilagion. In the growing season, water freely and apply a low-nitrogen liquid fertilizer monthly until flowers begin to form; keep dry and fost-free when dormant. Outdoors, grow in humus-rich, sandy soil, in a warm, sunny site.

Cyperus Indoors, grow in soil-based potting mix in bright filtered light. Stand containers in shallow trays of water to ensure ample moisture and high humidity at all times. In sumer, apply a balanced liquid fertilizer monthly. Outdoors, grow in large loam-filled contianers with a layer of gravel on top, sunken in the shallow area of a pond. C. papyrus needs bright light in winter.

Cypripedium Grow in moist, fertile, leafy, humus-rich, neutral to slighty alkaline soil, in a sheltered site, in light dappled or partial shade. Provide a winter mulch of leaf mold.

Cyrtanthus Outdoors in zones 9-10, plant at twice bulb depth in full sun and well-drained, moderately fertile soil. Indoors, grow in a soil-based potting mix with the bulb neck at soil level. Shade from hot sun. Water freely when in growth, very little in winter. Give a balanced fertilizer twice a month when in growth.

Derwentia Well-drained, poor to moderately fertile soil in full sun. Where questionably hardy, shelter from cold, drying winds.

Dianella Under glass, grow in soil-based potting mix in full light, but shaded from hot sun. In growth, water freely and apply a balanced liquid fertilizer weekly. Keep just moist in winter. Outdoors, grow in moderately fertile, humus-rich, well-drained, neutral to acidic soil in a sheltered site in sun or partial shade.

Dietes Under glass, grow in a soil-based potting mix in full light. Water freely when in growth, applying a balanced liquid fertilizer monthly. Reduce water after flowering, and keep just moist when dormant. Outdoors, grow in moist but well-drained soil in sun or part shade. Tolerates poor, dry soils. Do not cut back flower stalks of D. irioides.

Diosporos Indoors, grow in soil-based potting mix in full light. In the growing season, water freely, applying a balanced liquid fertilizer monthly; water sparingly in winter. Outdoors, grow in deep, fertile soil in full sun, preferably sheltered from cold, drying winds and late frosts.

Dipogon Easy culture in the conservatory, but should not freeze. Any soil, sun. Balanced liquid fertilizer monthly.

Dombeya Under glass, grow in a soil-based potting mix, in bright filtered light pr full light with shade from hot sun. In growth, water freely, aplying a balanced liquid fertilizer monthly. Water sparingly in winter. Outdoors, grow in fertil, moist but wel-drained soil in sun or part shade.

Dovyalis Widely adapted to a extensive range of soil conditions, but get a lot of nutrient deficiencies on highly alkaline soil. Dovyalis should be fertilized once every 2-3 months with a complete fertilizer. On alkaline soils, make sure that additional minor elements are
supplied. Do not need a lot of heavy watering, but will benefit from mulching to keep their roots moist during the dry season.

Dracaena Outdoors in Zone 10, grow in moderately fertile, moist but well-drained soil in full sun. Indoors, grow in soil-based potting mix, shaded from hot sun. Water freely when in growth, sparsely in winter. Use a balanced fertilizer once a month.

Drimiopsis Grow in gritty potting mix, watering moderately when in growth, very sparingly in winter. Apply a balanced liquid fertilizer monthly during the growing season. Bright light; full sun outside.

Echinacea Grow in deep, well-drained, humusy soil in full sun. Deadhead to encourage longer flowering.

Equisetum Since they are quite invasive, grow in pots sunk into the ground, with the lip above the ground, or in liner ponds. Will grow in virtually any situation, preferring full sun and moderate water.

Eomecon Grow in humus-rich, moist, but well-drained soil in light shade, or full sun where soil does not dry out in summer. May spread rapidly in fertile soil.

Epipactis Grow in fertile, humus-rich, moist but well-drained soil in partial or deep shade.

Eriobotrya Outdoors in zones 8-10, grow in fertile, well-drained soil in full sun. Shelter from wind if possible. Indoors, use a soil-based potting mix, water moderately when in growth, sparingly in winter. Give full light, good ventilation, and monthly fertilization.

Erythronium Plant bulbs at least 4" deep in fertile, humus-rich soil that does not dry out, in light, dappled, or partial shade. Bulbs must be kept slightly damp during storage and before planting.

Eucalyptus Plant trees that are less than 2' tall. Avoid holding in pots longer than necessary, unless they are to be grown inside or stunting is desired. Plant in reasonably fertile soil, but do not fertilize and do not stake. Full sun is required for most species; see catalog descriptions for exceptions. May be pruned heavily in order to maintain juvenile "silver dollar" foliage in the species that have it. May also be grown as a dieback perennial in cold climates, as frozen-back plants usually re-sprout from the base. Water freely in the growing season, much less when dormant.

Eucomis Plant 6" deep in fertile, well-drained soil in full sun. Water freely when growing.

Exochorda Grow in fertile, moist but well-drained soil in full sun or light, dappled shade.

Ficus Under glass, grow in soil-based potting mix with added fine bark chips, in full or filtered light. During growth, water moderately and apply a high-nitrogen fertilizer monthly. Keep moist in winter. Outdoors, grow in humus-rich, leafy, moist but well-drained soil in full sun or partial shade, with shelter from cold, drying winds. Give support to those with long, lax stems. Mulch annually.

Firmiana Under glass, grow in soil-based potting mix in full light, with shade from hottest sun, or in bright filtered light. During growth, apply a balanced liquid fertilizer monthly. Keep just moist in winter. Outdoors, grow in moist but well-drained, moderately fertile soil in full sun or partial shade. Protect from cold, drying winds.

Fuchsia Outdoors, grow in fertile, moist but well-drained soil in morning sun or part shade. Apply a balanced fertilizer monthly. Plant the base of the stem 2 inches below the soil surface and provide a deep winter mulch in cold areas. Shelter from cold, drying winds. Indoors, grow in soil-based potting mix, in bright filtered light with moderate humidity and good ventilation. During growth, water freely and apply a balanced liquid fertilizer weekly. Keep just moist in winter.

Gentiana Grow in full sun where summers are cool and damp. In hot summer areas, provide shade from hot sun. Soil must be constantly moist, but reasonably well-drained, light, and humusy. Most species prefer neutral to acidic soil.

Geranium Grow in any moderaterly fertile soil in full sun. All but waterlogged soils and full shade are tolerated.

Ginkgo Grow in any fertile, well-drained soil in full sun.

Globba Outdoors, grow moist, rich, humusy soil in part shade. Indoors, grow in soil-based potting mix in bright indirect light. Keep humidity high, water freely when in growth, and fertilize twice a month with a balanced fertilizer. Keep just moist when dormant in winter.

Goodyera Grow in sandy, humus-rich, moist but well-drained, acidic soil in part shade.

Gunnera Grow in wet, deep, fertile soil in part or dappled shade, protected from hot afternoon sun. One successful approach is to fill a large planting hole with a mixture of loam and well-aged manure; Gunneras are heavy feeders and require a continual supply of water, however the crown must remain above water. Native to the cloud forests of the Andes, so they like moderate temperatures, moderate humidity, and moderate light. In areas colder than zone 9, mulch the crown heavily when leaves die back in fall, and protect with a tarp. Remove in early spring.

Habenaria Grow in humus-rich soil in a woodland, i.e. moist, dappled shade. In pots, grow in terrestrial orchid potting mix in bright filtered light. During growing season, water freely and apply a dilute, balanced liquid fertilizer every third watering. Keep just moist in winter.

Hakonechloa Fertile, humus-rich, moist but well-drained soil in part shade. Will take full sun, but color may not be as good.

Halleria Grow in soil-based potting mix in full light. Water moderately when in growth, sparingly in winter. Apply a balanced liquid fertilizer monthly.

Hedychium Outdoors, gorw in humus-rich, moist but well-draned soil in partial shade, with shelter from wind. Grow marginally hardy kinds near a wall and mulch heavily in winter. Indoors, Grow in soil-based potting mix in bright indirect light. Provide moderate to high humidity and good ventilation. In the growins season, water freely and apply a balanced liquid fertillizer monthly. In winter, keep just moist and remove old stems as they deteriorate.

Heimia Grow in a sunny, well-drained site. Tolerates poor, dry soils.

Hepatica Grow in humus-rich, moist but well-drained, neutral to alkaline soil in part shade. Hepaticas thrive in heavy soils, but do not transplant well. Top dress after flowering or in autumn with compost or leaf mold.

Hibiscus Indoors, grow in a peat-based potting mixed in bright filtered light. Give moderate humidity and good ventilation. Water freely when in growth, sparingly in winter. Apply a balanced fertilizer monthly. Outdoors where hardy, grow in moist but well-drained, humusy, neutral to slightly alkaline soil in full sun.

Hierchloe Grow in any soil in sun. Needs to be on the dry side to be fragrant.

Homalocladium Under glass, grow in soil-based potting mixed in bright filtered light. Water moderately when in growth, sparingly in winter. Apply a balanced liquid fertilizer once in spring. Where hardy outdoors, grow in moist but well-drained fertile, humus-rich soil in full sun, but wil tolerate part shade.

Hydrangea Grow in moist but well-drained, deep, moderately fertile, humus-rich soil. Provide shelter from cold, drying winds in sun or part shade.

Hydrastis Grow in humus-rich, light, sandy, moist but well-drained, acidic to neutral soil in part shade. Add leaf mold at planting. Don't allow to dry out.

Idesia Grow in moderately fertile, moist but well-drained, neutral to acidic soil, in full sun or light shade, with shelter from other trees.

Impatiens Indoors, grow in soilless potting mix in full to bright filtered light, with moderate to high humidity. During growth, water moderately and apply a balanced liquid fertilizer montly. Water sparingly in winter.

Incarvillea Grow in fertile, moist but well-drained soil in full sun, but with some shade from hottest summer sun. Protect from excessive winter moisture and mulch in areas where the ground freezes for long periods. Avoid damaging roots.

Ipheion Outdoors, grow in moderately fertile, humus-rich, moist but well-drained soil in full sun. Provide a protective mulch in winter where temperatures fall below 14F. Plant 3" deep. Under glass, grow in soil-based potting mix, with added leaf mold and grit, in bright or indirect light. In spring and early summer, water moderately and apply a balanced liquid fertilizer monthly. Keep just moist while dormant.

Iris Grow in well-drained, neutral to slightly acidic soil in full sun or part shade. Chinese Irises want to be barely moist in winter. I. unguicularis wants sharply drained, neutral to alkaline soil in full sun. Good at the base of a wall. I. xiphium wants neutral to slightly alkaline soil in full sun.

Jacaranda Outdoors where hardy, grow in fertile, moist but well-drained soil in full sun. Under glass, grow in soil-based potting mix in full light with good ventilagion. In the growing season, water freely and apply a balanced liquid fertilizer monthly. Keep just moist in winter.

Jasminum Outdoors, grow in fertile, well-drained soil in full sun. Indoors, grow in soil-based potting mix in bright filtered light. Water freely when growing, sparingly in winter, and apply a low-nitrogen fertilizer (low first number) monthly.

Jovellana Outdoors, g row in fertile, well-drained soil in full sun. Here marginally hardy, protect with a dry winter mulch. Under glass, grow in soilless potting mix in full light, with shade from hot sun and good ventilation. In the g rowing season, water moderately and apply a balanced liquid fertilizer monthly. Water sparingly in winter.

Juncus Grow in permanently moist, acidic soil in sun or part shade. May be grown in shallow water or boggy soil, so long as the crown is not submerged. Effective in deep containers, but, like any other plant, is less hardy in a container than in the ground. Fertilization is not necessary in the ground; in a container, give half-strength liquid fertilizer once a month during the growing season.

Kleinia Under glass, grow in a mix of 2 parts leaf monld and 1 part each loam and coarse sand, in full light. In growth, water moderately and apply a balanced liquid fertilizer 2 or 3 times during the season. Keep dry when dormant. Outdoors where hardy, grow in sharply drained, grity, humus-rich soil in full sun.

Lachenalia Outdoors, plant 1 inch deep in light, well-drained soil in full sun. Indoors, grow in soil-based potting soil in full light. Water moderately when growing, less after flowering as foliage dies down, and keep just moist for 8 weeks, when watering can be resumed. While in growth, apply a balanced fertilizer every two weeks.

Lagerstroemia Outdoors, grow in moderately fertile, well-drained soil in full sun.

Lagunaria Under glass, grow in soil-based potting mix in full light. When in full growth, water freely and apply a balanced liquid fertilizer monthly. Water sparingly at other times. Outdoors, grow in moderately fertile, well-drained soil in full sun.

Lapageria Plant in humus-rich, well-drained soil in part shade, especially from afternoon sun. Water moderately when in full growh, hardly at all otherwise. Provide support and thin out congested growth in spring. A Rhododendron/Azalea fertilizer is recommended for spring and summer. Don't fertilize in fall.

Ledebouria Plant bulbs with the necks above soil level. Under glass, grow in soil-based potting mix, with added sharp sand, in full light. In growth, water freely and apply a high-potash fertilizer every 4 weeks; keep just moist in winter. Outdoors, grow in moderately fertile, well-drained soil in full sun.

Leptospermum Grow in moderately fertile, well-drained soil in full sun or part shade.

Leycesteria Grow in moderately fertile, well-drained soil inful sun or part shade. Protect from cold, drying winds and mulch deeply in autumn where marginally hardy.

Libertia Grow in moderately fertile, humusy, moist but well-drained soil in full sun.

Ligustrum Grow in well-drained soil in full sun or part shade.

Lilium Grow in compost-rich, well-drained, neutral to acidic soil. Give morning or filtered sun or sun with the roots in shade.

Lonicera Grow shrubs in any well-drained soil in full sun or part shade.

Luzula Grow in poor to moderately fertile, humusy, moist but well-drained soil in sun or partial shade.

Lychnis Grow in any moderately fertile, well-drained soil in full sun or part shade.

Lycoris Plant with the necks of the bulbs at the surface. Under glass, grow in soil-based potting mix in full light. Top-dress when growth begins, then water freely and apply a balanced liquie fertilizer monthly until the leavesdie down. Keep dry in summer when dormant. Outdoors, grow in fertile, well-drained soil in full sun. Where marginally hardy, protect with a dry winter mulch.

Magnolia Grow in well-drained, humus-rich, preferably acidic to neutral soil in sun or part shade.

Malus Grow in mnoderately fertile, moist but well-drained soil in full sun, although partial shade is tolerated.

Malvaviscus Under glass, grow in soil-based potting mix in gbright filtered light or full light with shade from hottest sun. In the growing season, water freely, applying a balanced liquid fertilizer monthly. Water sparingly in winter. Outdoors where hardy, grow in moderately fertile, moist but well-drained soil in full sun or part shade.

Mandevilla Outdoors, grow in moderately fertile, moist but well-drained soil in fertile, moist but well-drained soil with some protection from the hottest sun. In a cool greenhouse, grow in soil-based potting mix in bright light but shade from the hottest sun. Water moderately in the growing season, sparsely in winter. A balanced fertilizer monthly.

Michelia Grow in humusy, moist but well-drained, neutral to acidic soil with shade from the hottest sun. Protect from wind.

Melianthus Grow in moderately fertile, moist but well-drained soil in full sun. Proide a dry winter mulch and protect from excessive winter moisture and wind.

Melaleuca Under glass, grow in soil-based potting mix, with added leaf mold, in full light with shade from hot sun. During the growing season, water moderately and apply a balanced liquid fertilizer monthly. Water sparingly in winter. Outdoors, grow in moderately fertile, well-drained soil in full sun with some midday shade. Shelter from cold, drying winds.

Mentha Grow in rich, moist soil in full sun. Will tolerate most conditions.

Metasequoia Grow in humus-rich, moist but well-drained soil in full sun. Growth is best when the tree has access to ample water, such as near a pond or stream.

Metrosideros Under glass, grow in soil-based potting mix in full light, with shade from hot sun. Ingrowth, water freely and apply a balanced liquid fertilizer monthly. Water sparingly in winter. Outdoors where hardy, grow in humus-rich, moderately fertile, moist but well-drained, neutral to acidic soil in full sun. Shelter from cold, drying winds.

Mukdenia Grow in woodland soil in partial shade. Water freely.

Murraya Grow in moderately fertile, moderately moist soil in full sun or part shade.

Musa Under glass, gorw in soil-based potting mix in full light, with shade from hot sun. From spring to summer, water freely and apply balanced liquid fertilizer monthly. Keep just moist in winter. Outdoors, grow in humus-rich soil in full sun. Provide shelter from wind that will shred leaves.

Musella Grow in humus-rich soil in full sun. Water freely when in growth. Provide shelter from wind that will shred leaves.

Myrsine Grow in humus-rich, moist but well-drained soil in full sun or light, dappled shade.

Neomarica Indoors, grow in soil-based potting mix with added sand and leaf mold or compost, in bright filtered light or in sun with shade in the hottest part of the day. Water moderately when in growth, sparingly in winter. Apply a balanced fertilizer once a month. Outdoors where hardy, grow in moderately fertile, humusy soil in part shade.

Nerine Under glass, plant with the tips of the bulbs above the surface of soil-based potting mix. Flowering is best when plants are congested. Provide full light and free watering during after growth. Keep warm and dry when dormant in summer. After flowering, apply a low-nitrogen liquid fertilizer. Outdoors, plant in well-drained soil in full sun. Provide a deep, dry winter mulch where marginally hardy.

Nototrichium Grow in moderately fertile, well-drained soil. Provide good ventilation and moderate water in growth; water sparingly in winter. Sun, with protection from the hottest afternoon sun, or part shade.

Oeanthe Grow in any moderately fertile, moist to wet soil or shallow water in sun or part shade. Even dry soil is tolerated in part shade.

Oenothera Grow in poor to moderately fertile, well-drained, even stony soil in full sun. O. fruitcosa prefers moderately fertile soil. Protect O. speciosa from excessive winter moisture.

Olea Outdoors where hardy, grow in well-drained, fertile soil in full sun. In the greenhouse or conservatory, grow in sandy, soil-based potting mix, applying a balanced fertilizer monthly. Water moderately in summer, sparingly in winter.

Ophiopogon Outdoors, grow in moist but well-drained, slightly acidic, fertile, humus-rich soil in sun or part shade. Full shade is tolerated. Top-dress annually with leaf mold in autumn. Under glass, g row in soil-based mix in full or bright indirect light. In the growing season, water freely and apply a balanced liquid fertilizer monthly.

Orchis Outdoors, grow in fertile, well-drained, gritty, humus-rich, slightly acidic soil in partial shade. Plant tubers at least 3" deep. In the alpine house, grow in terrestrial orchid potting mix in bright filtered light. Water moderately during the growing season; keep dry and frost-free when dormant.

Origanum Grow in light, poor or moderately fertile, very well-drained soil in full sun. Soil is best kept neutral to alkaline. Use a dry mulch to prevent excessive winter moisture.

Orthrosanthus Outdoors, grow in light, fertile, well-drained, humus-rich soil in full sun. Under glass, gorw in a soil-based mix, with additional sharp sand and leaf mold, in full light. Water moderately during the growing season and keep almost dry when dormant.

Oxalis O. megalorhyzza and O. succulentum should be grown in sun or bright filtered light and low humidity, in a soil-based potting mix with added grit, or in well-drained, gritty soil outdoors. O. regnellii triangularis and O. purpurea should have moist, well-drained, humus-rich, moderately fertile soil in part shade. O. purpurea should be kept barely moist in summer, when dormant, watered freely in fall when growing. O. regnellii triangularis should be given a similar rest in winter at least every other year, if grown indoors.

Pachira Very tolerant of a range of conditions. Indoors, grow in a soil-based potting mix in bright indirect light or dappled shade. Keep soil constantly moist and apply a liquid-based fertilizer monthly. May be grown in quite small containers for a long time, in which case fertilization should be less frequent. As with all houseplants, reduce water in winter. Control growth by pinching back to any node. May even be cut back to the trunk to encourage trunk swelling, but this will to some degree happen natually. Don't let the pot dry out and don't subject to hot sun. Outdoors in subtropical areas only, in moist to wet soil and part sun.

Pandorea Under glass, grow in soil-based potting mix in full light. When in growth, water moderately and aply a balanced liquid fertilizer monthly. Water sparingly in winter. Outdoors where hardy, grow in fertile, moist but well-drained soil in full sun. Provide support for climbing stems.

Parakmeria: See Michelia

Passiflora Plant greenhouse species in large tubs of soil-based potting mix in good light, but with shade from hottest sun. Water freely when in growth, sparingly in winter Top-dress annually in spring. Grow hardy species outside in moderately fertile, moist but well-drained soil in sun or part shade.

Parahebe Well-drained, poor to moderately fertile soil in full sun. Where questionably hardy, shelter from cold, drying winds.

Paulownia Grow in fertile, well-drained soil in full sun. Where marginally hardy, shelter from cold, drying winds.

Persicaria Grow in any moist soil in full sun or part shade.

Philadelphus Grow in any moderately fertile, well-drained soil in full sun or part shade.

Phlomis Grow in any fertile, well-drained soil infull sun. P. russeliana and P. samia tolerate some shade.

Phormium Grow in fertile, moist, well-drained soil infull sun. Where marginally hardy, provide a deep, dry mulch in winter.

Phygelius Grow in fertile, moist, well-drained soil in full sun. Where marginally hardy, provide a dry winter mulch. If grown as a perennial, cut back to the bases in spring, but natural growth is as a shrub.

Phytolacca Grow in any fetile, moist soil in full sun or part shade. Support may be needed in open sites. Berries are very toxic.

Pilea Under glass, grow in shallow pots of soilless potting mix in bright indirect light, with high humidity. During the growing sason, water moderately and apply a balanced liquid fertilizer monthly. Outdoors where hardy, grow in any reliably moist soil in partial or deep shade.

Pinus Grow in any well-drained soil in full sun.

Pistachia Grow in moderately fertile, sharply-drained soil in full sun.

Pistia Throw it in the water and go away.

Plantago Indoors, grow in 4 parts peat or leaf mold to 1 part grit or sharp sand. Outdoors, grow in preferably neutral to acidic, moderately fertile, sharply drained soil in full sun protect from winter moisture.

Pleiogynium A tough tree except that it's very frost-tender. Likes heavy water and humusy soil, but will withstand drought and poor soil. Prefers shade, but will handle sun.

Pleione Indoors, grow in bright filtered light, in shallow pans of terrestrial orchid potting mix. Provide moderate humidity, mist daily, and feed a balaned fertilizer every third watering. Repot annually before flowering. Water freely in spring & summer, until leaves begin to die back, then keep just moist. In winter, give 2-3 weeks cold rest, near freezing. Outdoors, grow in moderately fertile, leafy, humus-rich soil in a sheltered site in part shade. Protect from excessive moisture and severe cold with a cloche.

Poa Grow in moderately fertile, well-drained soil in full sun or part shade.

Podocarpus Best in fertile, moist but well-drained, humus-rich soil in full sun, in high rainfall climates, with protection from cold, dry winds. However, will tolerate a wide range of soils and conditions.

Pollia Grow in reliably moist to wet, humus-rich, fertile soil in sun or part shade.

Polygonatum Grow in moist but well-drained, humus-rich, fertile soil in full or partial shade.

Podophyllum Grow in humus-rich, leafy, moist soil in full or partial shade. P. peltatum will tolerate drier soils.

Poncirus Indoors, grow in soil-based potting mix in full light, but shaded from hot sun. During growing season, water freely, mist daily, and aply a balanced liquid fertilizer every 2-3 weeks. Water sparingly in winter. Pot on or top-dress in late winter. Outdoors where hardy, grow inmoist but well-drained, neutral to acid soil in full sun.

Pratia Grow in fertile, loamy, reliably moist soil in afternoon, partial, or deep shade. P. pedunculata tolerates drier soils and more sun.

Primula Grow in reliably moist soil in full sun in mild coastal areas, partial shade otherwise. Soil should be fertile, moderately deep, and around neutral.

Prostanthera Grow in moderately fertile, moist but well-drained soil in full sun.

Protoasparagus Under glass, grow in soil-based potting mix in bright filtered light, with shade from hot sun. Water freely from early spring to midautumn, applying a balanced liquid fertilizer monthly. Water sparingly in winter. Outdoors where hardy, grow in fertile, moist but well-drained soil in a sheltered site in partial shade.

Pseudotsuga Grow in any well-drained, non-alkaline soil in full sun.

Punica Under glass, plant in soil-based potting mix in full light. When in growth, water freely and apply a balanced liquied fertilizer monthly. Water sparingly in winter. Outdoors, grow in fertile, well-drained soil in full sun.

Regelia Best in a sunny-well-drained site, but adapts to may situations, including waterlogged soils. Indoors, use a peat-based potting mix and water moderately. Fertilize spring and autumn.

Reineckia Grow in moist but well-drained, humus rich, neutral or acidic soil in partial shade.

Rhodohypoxis Outdoors in well-drained, moderately fertile soil in full sun. Protect from excessive winter moisture.

Rhoicissus Under glass, grow in soil-based potting mix in full light. In the growing season, water moderately and aply a balanced liquid fertilizer montly. Water sparingly in winter. Outdoors, grow in fertile, moist but well-drained soil in full sun or partial shade.

Roscoea Plant tubers 6" deep. Grow in moderately fertile, humus-rich, leafy, moist but well-drained soil, in a cool, sheltered site in partial shade. Where marginally hardy, apply a deep winter mulch.

Ruellia Under glass, gorw i nsoilless potting mix in bright filtered light with high humidity. In growth, water freely and apply a balanced liquid fertilizer monthly; water moderately in winter. Pinch out young shoots to encourage branching. Outdoors where hardy, grow in any fertile, humus-rich moist sol in full sun or partial shade.

Salix Willows prefer moist, fertile soil and sun.

Salvia Grow in light, moderately fertile, moist but well-drained soil in light, dappled shade.

Sanguinaria Grow in moderately fertile, humus-rich, moist but well-drained soil in deep to partial shade. Can have morning sun if soil remains reliably moist.

Sanssevieria Indoors, grow in 2 parts soil-based potting mix and 1 part coarse grit, in bright filtered or indirect light. When in growth, water moderately and apply a half-strength , balanced liquid fertilizer monthly; water very sparingly in winter. Pot only when pot-bound. Growth ;may stop if leaf tips are damaged. Outdoors, grow in poor to moderately fertile, neutral to slightly alkline, gritty soil in full sun Protection from excessive winter moisture is very important.

Schizostylus Grow in moderately fertile, moist but well-drained soil in full sun. Keep the roots moist. Shelter from cold, drying winds. Provide an organic mulch in winter.

Schotia Under glass, grow in a soil-based potting mix in full light. During the growing season, water moderately and apply a balanced liquid fertilizer monthly. Water sparingly in winter. Outdoors where hardy, grow in moderately fertile, well-drained soil in full sun. Protect from cold, drying winds.

Scirpus Grow in permanently moist to wet soil in part shade to sun. May be grown outdoors in zone 8 or used as a houseplant in colder zones. Suitable for boggy soil or shallow water to the bottom of the crown. Give a liquid fertilizer monthly.

Sedum Under glass, grow tender species in a mix of 3 parts soil-based potting mix, 2 parts grit, and 1 part leaf mold, in full light, with good ventilation. In the growing season, water moderately and apply a half-strength, balanced liquid fertilizer every month. Water sparingly in winter. Outdoors, grow in moderately fertile, well-drained, neutral to slightly alkaline soil in full sun.

Selaginella Under glass, grow in a mix of 2 parts soil-based potting mix and 1 part leaf mold, in indirect or filtered light. Maintain high humidity and apply a balanced liquid fertilizer monthly. Keep just moist in winter. Outdoors, grow in part to full shade, in fertile, humus-rich, moist soil.

Selliera Grow in sandy or otherwise well-drained, moderately fertile soil in sun to part shade.

Sibiraea Grow in moderately fertile, well-drained, neutral to slightly alkaline soil in full sun.

Sidalcea Grow in moderately fertile, humus-rich, moist but well-drained, light, sandy, neutral to acidic soil in full sun. Wil tolerate many soil conditions, but not waterlogging. Provide a dry winter mulch in areas without snow cover. Cut stems back hard after flowering.

Silene Grow in moderately fertile, well-drained, neutral to slightly alkaline soil in full sun or light dappled shade.

Sinocrassula Grow like a Sedum, in well-drained soil in full sun.

Sisyrinchium Grow in poor to moderately fertile, well-drained, neutral to slightly alkaline soil in full sun. Protect from excessive winter moisture.

Smilacina Grow in moderately fertile, humus-rich, acidic, moist but well-drained soil in light, dappled shade or deep shade.

Solandra Soil-based potting mix. Water moderately in growing season, balanced fertilizer monthly. Bright light, shade from hot sun.

Solanum Under glass, grow in soil-based potting mix in full light with shade from hot sun, or in bright indirect light. When in growth, water freely, apply a balanced liquid fertilizer monthly, mist daily, and maintain moderate humidity. Water sparingly in winter. Outdoors, grow in moderately fertile, moist but well-drained, neutral to slightly acidic soil in full sun.

Soleirolia Any soil, dappled to deep shade. Keep moist.

Sophora Grow in moderately fertile, well-drained soil in full sun.

Sorbaria Grow in moderately fertile, moist but well-drained, neutral to slightly alkaline soil in full sun to part shade. Remove excess suckers to restrict spread.

Sorbus Grow in moderately fertile, humus-rich, well-drained , acidic to neutral soil in sun or light shade.

Spiranthes Outdoors, plant in moist but well-drained, fertile, humus-rich, leafy soil in a sheltered site in partial shade. Povide a deep, dry winter mulch where marginally hardy. Indoors, grow in terrestrial orchid mix in bright filtered light. Water freely in growth and apply fertilizer at every third watering. Keep almost dry and frost-free when dormant.

Stokesia Grow in light, fertile, moist but well-drained, acidic soil in full sun. Liable to rot in damp, heavy soils. Provide support and deadhead to prolong flowering.

Strobilanthes Water well in summer, sparingly in winter. Bright light, shield fron hot sun. Liquid fertlizer monthly.

Stylophorum Grow in moist, moderately fertile, hu;mus-rich soil in deep or partial shade. Will scorch in direct sun.

Syringa Grow in fertile, humus-rich, well-drained, neutral to alkaline soil in full sun. Mulch regularly. Deadhead new plants before fruits form.

Tetrastigma Indoors, grow in soil-based potting mix, with additional leaf mold, in bright filtered or bright indirect light, with moderate to high humidity. Will tolerate very low light. In the growing season, water freely, applying a balanced liquid fertilizer motly. Water moderately in winter. Outdoors where hardy , grow in moist, fertile soil in partial or dappled shade.

Trachycarpus Grow in well-drained soil in full sun or light, dappled shade, sheltered from strong or cold, drying winds.

Tradescantia Grow in moist, fertile soil in full sun or part shade. Cut back spent flowers.

Trillium Grow in moist but well-drained, deep, humus-rich, preferably acidic to neutral soil, although some will grow in moderately alkaline soils. In deep or partial shade. Mulch annually in autumn with leaf mold.

Tritonia Grow in light, well-drained, preferably sandy soil in full sun. Provide a deep, dry winter mulch.

Tulbaghia Under glass, grow in well-drained, soil-based potting mizx in full light. Water freely during the growing sseason, but reduce when in flower and again as the leaves wither. Keep almost dry when dormant. Outdoors, grow in well-drained, moderately fertile, humus-rich, loamy soil in full sun

Ugni Grow in moist but well-drained soil in full sun or part shade..

Uncinia Grow in damp, humus-rich soil in dappled shade.

Uniola Grow in any well-drained soil in full sun.

Viola Grow 'Black Magic' in moist, humus-rich soil in full sun. V. labradorica will also grow in shade, and in any soil. V. hederacea should be grown in dappled or deeper shade, and kept continually moist, or it will wilt quickly.

Wachendorfia Grow in fertile, wet soil in a wetland garden or ordinary garden soil with plenty of water. If not allowed to dry out in summer, it will be evergreen. Soil should have added compost. Full sun to part shade.

Widdringtonia Outdoors whre hardy, grow in sharply drained, loam-based soil in full sun. Under glass, grow in soil-based potting mix in full light. Water moderately in the growing season, sparingly in winter. Apply a balanced liquid fertilizer monthly when growing.

Xerophyta Grow in well-drained soil in sun or part shade. Water moderately half the year, sparsely the other half, matching your natural climate tendencies.

Ypsilandra Grow in humusy woodland soil that is moist in summer but well-drained in winter, in part shade. That is, grow like a lily.

Yucca Grow in any well-drained soil in full sun. Drought tolerant.

Zantedeschia Outdoors, grow in humus-rich, reliably moist soil in part shade. As a marginal aquatic, grow Z. aethiopica and cultivars in an aquatic container. 10-12" across, filled with heavy loam soil, in water up to 12" deep.

Zeugites Grow in reliably moist, fertile, humus-rich soil in dappled or light shade.

Zingiber Grow in reliably moist, fertile, humus-rich soil in dappled or light shade.