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Plants beginning with 'C'
| Callistemons are native to Australia and are usually listed as hardy only in zones 9 and 10 in reference books, but growers in the south know that many are hardy in zone 8 and a few in zone 7. Their aptly-named bottlebrush flowers are typically bright crimson, but lesser-known species and hybrids may have green, yellow, pink, lavender, purple, or cream flowers. The plant stem grows through the center of the flower, and seed clusters form around the stem when the flowers fade, with the branch continuing to grow. The leaves are usually flat and needle-like on these evergreen shrubs. Callistemons bloom on the previous year's wood, and are deer-resistant. | |
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Callistemon 'Clemson' -- Hardy Bottlebrush -- Said to have survived an episode of -8 or -9°F, but we recommend zone 8b (15°F) as a safer low end of its range. However, like other Callistemons, it will often regenerate even after being frozen to the ground. The flowers are very large and very red, and continue for a long time, late spring through frost. The shrub is relatively compact, to 6'. Leaves are bluegreen. |
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Callistemon pallidus 'Eleanor' bears large purple brushes earlier in the year than most, typically May and June here in the Pacific Northwest. Cold hardy to at least 12°F, zone 8, but flowers best against a south wall for plenty of heat. Blue-green foliage is more leaf-like than needle-like, on a 6' x 4' shrub. A selection by Xera Plants in Tualitin, Oregon. |
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Callistemon
pitytioides 'Mt.
Kosciuszko' -- Yellow-flowered Bottlebrush -- A
dwarf alpine form collected on Australia's highest peak by Sean Hogan
and passed on to us by the folks at Xera plants. It has reportedly grown
to just 2' after 5 years, with tiny leaves and a compact habit. Ultimate
height in cultivation is unknown, but it will certainly stay small. Tolerates
either drought or regular irrigation and intense heat. Pale yellow brushes
appear May-July in the northwest. Zone 8, possibly a bit lower. |
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Callistemon seiberi -- River Bottlebrush -- Pale yellow brushes on a sculptural shrub to 8' and as wide. Twisting stems with tightly-packed, olive green, needle-like leaves, flaking bark, and a meandering habit give this alpine shrub a distinct personality. Zone 7b. |
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Callistemon speciosus -- Albany Bottlebrush -- Abundant deep pink flowers with vermillion pollen at the tips of the filaments. An 8-10' shrub with thick, lemon-scented foliage. Zone 8b. |
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'Woodlanders
Hardy' is a Callistemon variety bred at Woodlanders Nursery in South
Carolina. It has arching stems 6-10' long, with narrow evergreen leaves,
tipped with crimson brushes beloved by hummingbirds and butterflies. Among
the hardiest of our Callistemons, possibly to zone 7, but, as with other
Callistemons, zone 8 and a south wall might yield better results. |
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Campanula
cochlearifolia -- Fairy Thimbles -- Perfectly-named charming creeper
with tiny leaves and small bell-shaped slate-blue (some say violet) flowers.
A very attractive little plant for the rock garden or between pavers,
it is showy when in bloom, despite its small size. Hardy to zone 5. European
alpine areas. |
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Carex
grayi -- Morning
Star -- In
medieval times, a battle weapon consisting of a spiked ball on a chain
attached to a stick was called a Morning Star, proving that irony had
been invented by then. It was also called a Mace, proving not much of
anything. This is a grasslike plant growing 2-3' tall, with prominent
1" seed heads reminiscent of a Morning Star. It likes moist ground, and
will even grow in shallow water, but a moderately-watered border is OK
too. Takes either sun or moist shade, and is hardy enough to grow anywhere
in the US, except maybe parts of Alaska. The seed spikes are good in both
fresh and dry arrangements. |
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Cestrum newellii -- Red Cestrum -- Very nice deep red flowers on a shrub that can reach 8-10' and stay evergreen in warm climates, but only 3-5' in colder ones, dying back to the roots in zones 7 & 8, but root-hardy there when mulched. It's vigorous and free-blooming, so well worth growing in the colder zones as a dieback perennial. Not as strongly scented as the other Cestrums listed, but prettier. |
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Cestrum
parqui -- Willow-leaved Jasmine -- Among the hardiest of the "night-blooming
Jasmines", this one should take zone 8 winters, and maybe zone 7 as well,
though its size will stay somewhere between herbaceous perrennial and
small shrub in the colder parts of its range, not the large one that it
becomes in the subtropics. Cestrums tend to produce lots of flowers; this
one does that, but it does so over a much longer period than most. In
the greenhouse, we have bloom on 4 in. tall plants in mid March, and expect
prolific bloom until frost. Flowers are inch-long trumpets produced in
large terminal and axillary cymes. They are dark gold in bud, opening
to pale gold. Native to Chile. |
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Chamaecereus
sylvestrii -- Peanut Cactus -- In parts of Mexico, the cheery
red blossoms of this little cactus can be seen decorating many a windowsill.
Though only a few inches tall, it's a fast grower that makes clumps, its
long, narrow arms coming to look like a bucket of snakes. The little spines
are not very vicious, making this cactus a favorite of children. Zone
10 or houseplant. Originally from Argentina. |
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Chenomeles
'Texas Scarlet' -- We admit Flowering Quince isn't very
rare or unusual, but it is a fine plant that deserves its long tenure
in American gardens. Being from Asia, it's technically exotic, and not
much flowers earlier than Quince. This is a cross between C. japonica
and C. speciosa that has a compact, spreading habit to perhaps
4'. Tomato-red flowers, and plenty of them, in early spring, both before
and with the leaves. As I write on March 4, it's beginning to bloom. Zone
5. |
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Chasmanthe bicolor -- Winter-growing South African corm related to Gladiolus. They bear double ranks of arching, tubular flowers on tall stems. Since they're winter growers, they need to be grown in a climate no colder than zone 9, or in a greenhouse. In nature, Chasmanthes grow in wet spots on rocky outcrops, where they form small colonies. They prefer sun, but will adapt to partial shade. This genus of 3 species is part of the Cape Flora, a group of plants that live around the cape and nowhere else on earth. This is an early bloomer, with dark vermillion and yellow tubular flowers on 3' spikes. From the Southwest Cape. |
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Chasmanthium
latifolium -- River Oats -- A loosely tufted, slowly spreading
perennial grass to 3', with long, broadly lance-shaped, arching leaves.
In late summer and fall, it produces open, oat-like seed heads whose weight
causes the spikes to droop and bounce in the wind. These may be used for
dry arrangements if cut before they mature to bronze. Full sun or part
shade in zones 5-9. |
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Chlorophytum
nepalense -- This relative of the spider plant is rare in cultivation,
native to the Himalayas and China. It has quite narrow green leaves, often
with a lighter-colored stripe down the middle, and small, star-shaped
white flowers with yellow beaks. Flower spikes may be anywhere from 1-3'
tall. No one seems to have good data on hardiness, but it's grown in the
UK, so we can say zone 9 and probably lower. |
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X Chitalpa tashkentensis -- An intergeneric hybrid between the Southern Catalpa, Catalpa bignonioides, and the Desert Willow, Chilopsis linearis. The hybrid was made in Tashkent, a part of the former Soviet Union, hence Tashkentensis (the suffix -ensis or -ense indicates place of origin, or at least the place it was first described.) This is a spectacularly-flowering shrub or small tree, 15-30', with willow-like leaves. The Chilopsis parent provides some tolerance to heat and drought, while the Catalpa parent provides hardiness to around -15°F. Flowering is profuse from late spring through fall. A fast-growing tree, this can quickly become a certerpiece for yard or patio. |
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Cinnamomum camphora -- Camphor Tree -- A subtropical tree, zones 9b and above, used as a tub plant in colder climates because of its attractive glossy leaves which have a delicious camphor fragance when crushed. (Camphor is used is cold medications for its pleasant but penetrating fragrance, and was historically used in confections.) Outside in a favorable (warm, humid) climate, it becomes a 60'+ tree. Our specimens are at least 18" tall. |
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Coix lachrima-jobi -- Job's Tears -- This tall, ornamental tropical grass is related to corn, and the relationship is easy to see. Prized for the seed heads, which are ornamental on the plant and used in arrangements. The teardrop-shaped seeds may be white or grey, glossy, and make excellent beads, often used in rosaries. From tropical Asia, it may be grown as an annual in colder areas, as it seeds heavily. Easy to grow. |
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Coprosma 'Evening Glow' -- Mirror Plant -- A shrublet native to New Zealand, and named for its shiny leaves, which in this variety are also very colorful. To 18" in height and spread, it naturally assumes a pyramidal shape, but is adaptable to pruning. Colorful leaves replace flowers, which are not significant, but older plants produce orange berries in fall. Some say hardy in zone 8, or even possibly 7, but a safer bet is zones 9-10. Sun to part shade.
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Corokia cotoneaster -- Wire Net Bush, Skeleton Bush -- Distinctive Australian shrub with contorted, dark-colored, zig-zag branches and tiny leaves that are deep green on top and silver underneath. Small, bright yellow flowers in spring are followerd by red fruits. Sparse foliage and unusual branching structure make this a great specimen plant in a sunny, dry location or in a planter. 6-8' tall and as wide. Zones 8-10 |
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Corokia cotoneaster 'Little Prince' -- A dwarf variety of the above, to just 3-4' and not quite as wide. By the way, don't let the species name fool you. This is a Corokia, not a Cotoneaster. If your name is Doug MacArthur, you're related to other people named MacArthur, not to other people named Doug
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Corokia x virgata 'Sunsplash' -- A very different Corokia from the increasingly common C. cotoneaster, this hybrid does have slightly contorted branches and sparse foliage, but has much larger leaves that are splashed with yellow, cream, and sage green. To 5'x3' in a location protected from hot afternoon sun, it's hardy to between 10 and 15 degrees F. Showy specimen or container plant with good drainage. |
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Correa
alba --
White Australian Fuchsia -- A
warm-climate shrub to 5', with round, slightly fuzzy, bluegreen leaves
and half-inch white pendant bell flowers that superficially resemble Fuchsia
flowers, but not much. Fall-flowering. Zone 9, greenhouse, or overwintered
indoors. |
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Correa reflexa -- Australian Fuchsia -- A variable shrub, usually to about 3', suitable for warmer climates. The pendant flowers are two-colored, deep pink on the upper part of the bell, green on the lower, with yellow stamens protuding just beyond the petals. Leaves are a rounded heart shape, slightly hairy, and deep green. Zone 9, greenhouse, or overwintered indoors.
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Cortaderia sellowiana 'Icalma' -- Dwarf Pampas Grass -- The familiar Pampas Grass is very large, up to 10', hardy only to zone 7, and blooms in September. But this dwarf variety grows to 3-4', is hardy in zone 6, and blooms in July. It's a perennial clumper that should not be cut back in spring. |
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Cotoneaster cooperi (Syn. C. microphyllus cooperi) -- A very tiny (to 3-4" tall) subshrub with equally tiny, oval, densely packed, deep green leaves. A nice rock garden plant, it will crawl over said rocks and reward you with white flowers followed by tiny red fruits in fall. Zones 5-9, sun/part shade. |
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Crocosmia 'Constance' -- Crocosmia are vigorous, spreading Iris family members, with yellow, red, or orange flowers. This one manages to incorporate all 3 colors. Grows to 2', with abundant panicles of funnel-shaped flowers. Zones 6-9.
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Crassula marnieriana -- Jade Necklace Vine -- Succulents are arguably among the strangest kinds of plants. If you are a lover of succulents, let's face it, you might be a little strange yourself, in which case you'll certainly like this little succulent, which my daughter describes as a "fruit loop necklace". I'm sure this is meant to describe the cereal, not the people who buy it. All the loops are jade green with red and white tinging, and the plant is less than 6" tall, with somewhat more spread, nice for a small basket. Spikes of cream-red flowers erupt from the tips of the arms. This will fit right in with your String of Pearls, Pregnant Plant, and Burro's Tail. |
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Cupressus
cashmeriana --
Kashmir Cypress -- Widely
considered among the most beautiful conifers, this tree is listed in
reference books as hardy only in zone 9 and above. The American Conifer
Society, however, lists it as hardy to zone 8, as do some zone 8 nurseries.
It is also used as the focus of large atriums and in bonsai. Probably
no longer extant in the wild, and with a conservation status of 'threatened',
the species originated in the Himalayas, where it is often planted near
temples. If you want to give it a try, please note that our specimens
are very small, and that the tree needs protection from winds and long,
hot, dry spells. |
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Cymbalaria
muralis -- Kennilworth Ivy -- A charming plant useful in a rock
garden, as a groundcover, in a hanging basket, or trailing over a bank.
Kidney-shaped leaves are reminiscent of hepatica, but very small, to 1/2".
In summer, tiny lilac-tinged flowers are produced in abundance. The species
epithet muralis means "of walls", and this species is especially good
at trailing out of small dirt pockets in rock walls.Will take a moderate
amount of sun, or deep shade, and is hardy to zone 4. Also called Ivy-leaved
Toadflax, it is originally from Italy, and was a staple of old English
gardens, but is somewhat overlooked today. |
| Cyperus, (pronounced sy PEAR us) includes several of the species it that are are commonly known as Papyrus (pa PIE rus). Where they are not hardy, which is most of the US, they make good houseplants and marginal pond plants that are overwintered indoors. For many years, these have been among our best sellers at Farmers' markets and plant sales, and among our worst sellers online. | |
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Cyperus alternifolius, sometimes called Umbrella Plant, is an old-fashioned houseplant that is due for a revival. Its tall, upright habit is very dramatic in a narrow space and, although naturally a water plant, requires only moderate watering indoors. The terminal umbrella of narrow leaves is adorned with flowers and seed heads from time to time, and although these are not colorful, they are attractive. This plant will grow to 5' or more, given a large enough pot and ample water and fertilizer, but can be kept smaller if desired. Zone 9 / indoors |
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Cyperus
alternifolius gracilis, Sparkler Grass, is like the above, but
much smaller, growing to about 18", and with narrower leaves and stems.
It's a nice pond plant that is less overwhelming than its larger cousin,
and good paired with the similarly-sized C. haspan, below. Zone 9 / indoors |
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Cyperus
diffusus is sometimes called Dwarf Papyrus, though that
could refer to other plants as well. It is a rather squat plant, to about
a foot tall, with leaves that are broader even than C. alternifolius.
This species seems not so fond of water as the others, but it is vigorous
in a moist situation. It is very apt to flower in the unspectacular but
attractive manner of Cyperus, and is a good companion to its variegated
version, below. Zone 10 / indoors |
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Cyperus
diffusus variegatus is a very pretty variegated form that has
such light green foliage that it can appear white. It shares the predisposition
to flower with its green cousin above, its broad leaves, and some, but
not all, of that plant's vigor. Zone 10 / indoors |
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Cyperus fertilis -- Spider Sedge -- Surely the most dwarf member of the genus, this one hugs the ground, to no more than a couple of inches, except for the arching stolon that bends over to deposit the next baby plant on the gound. In this way, it's much like a Spider Plant, AKA Airplane Plant. Its size makes it perfect for terraria. Zone 10/indoors
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Cyperus
haspan is called Pygmy Egyptian Papyrus. Its form is similar
to the giant C. papyrus, except that its leaves don't droop. It
grows to about 18" and is the perfect companion to C. alternifolius
gracilis, above. Zone 9 / indoors |
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Cyrtanthus
mackenii -- Ifafa Lily -- Deciduous, perennial South African Amaryllis
relative with long, narrow, arching flower tubes on 12" spikes. Narrow,
arching leaves to 12". Flowers are pale yellow to light orange, and fragrant.
Zones 9-10. |
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